A person's life with arthrosis is divided into "before" and "after". Before the disease, there was a great and small joy, sometimes it was not important. After that, only the daily struggle and quiet despair remain that normal life will not return. But you can solve the problem for a while!
What is arthrosis
This is a joint disease, when the articular cartilage is destroyed over time, the articular end of the bone is modified, the periatonse tissue and inflammation are actively developing.
Causes and Development
Arthrosis can develop due to excessive load or joint injury. However, the process is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of proteoglican (special complex protein). Due to a decrease in the number of proteoglican, the joints lose water, as they are molecules that hold it. As a result, the cartilage "dry", loss of elasticity and elasticity, becomes rough and dry. Because of this, abnormal friction occurs, as a result. Due to the friction, the joints are "extinguished", the cartilage becomes thinner, becoming thinner. Due to the ongoing microdamine, growth is formed on joint osteophytes. The last stage is the complete loss of cartilage.
Inadvertently, people take osteophytes for "salt", which must be "spread". But they are not salt deposits, and there is nothing to spread joints.
The risk factor of arthrosis determines the cause. Please note that if there is one factor (for example, age 50), arthrosis may not occur, but the possibility of its appearance increases with the presence of 2 or more reasons, for example, 50 years of injury. All factors can be divided into non -general and genetic, external and internal.
Internal factors:
- Age. Over time, the body's ability to regenerate, and cell activity decreases. As a result, collagen reproduction decreases, the synovial fluid in the joints becomes less.
- A violation of metabolism. Various metabolic disorders can cause arthrosis. The most common reasons are decreased levels of estrogen and diabetes. Various metabolic pathologies also lead to arthrosis.
Mineral deficiency and vitamins. Everything is clear here. If there is no acceptance of the material, then collagen and other materials cannot be synthesized. Pathology can develop against anomaly background in material assimilation. - Overweight. A little affecting the cause, as arthrosis occurs solely due to excess weight, one needs to lose more than 150 pounds. But it also has influence, increasing the likelihood of developing arthrosis.
- Violations of bone development, joints. Such anomalies can appear not only because of heredity, but also for other reasons. Development pathology is not a sentence, subject to certain arthrosis rules will not arise.
- Arthritis. In the process of inflammation, blood supply to the joints, synovial fluid composition and cartilage changes. Please note that after eliminating arthritis, the risk of developing permanent arthrosis until the composition of the fluid and the joint return tissue becomes normal.
- A heart attack together. In other ways, aseptic necrosis of the joints. It develops with thrombophilia - a blood tendency to form a blood clot. But usually thrombophilia does not lead to joints, therefore, the development of arthrosis requires participation of other causes.
- Chronic stress. Prolonged depression and alarming conditions lead to a decrease in regeneration, a decrease in body protection properties. The possibility of developing any disease, not only arthrosis, increases.
External factors:
- Injury. These include various types of dislocations, damage to the joint bag, joint bone base. Such injuries are rare, and with appropriate treatment without trace. But in front of other factors, arthrosis may occur.
- Excessive load on joints. It occurs in professional athletes or among long -distance workers. But these factors, subject to the coach's recommendations and, if no other factors, rarely lead to arthrosis.
- Surgical intervention(Meniscectomy and more). After surgery, the patient is prescribed drug therapy, bed rest, other procedures to reduce the risk of complications. With their infringement, the probability of arthrosis increases.
The main symptoms
The diagnosis of arthrosis is relatively simple, even people who are not ready to do so, are enough to understand the type of pain in the joints.
Type of joint pain:
- Pain occurs and increases from load, weakening rest;
- If the patient is placed, and others will bend their limbs, then the pain will occur as usual (due to friction on the joints);
- Pain from work gradually increases, with the disease, increasing.
Another characteristic symptom is dry problems in the joints when moving. Usually, the joints also have problems, but the sound of healthy joints is sonorous and sharp, the joints are not painful. With arthrosis, dry crisis, initially heard badly, but it continues to accompany movement. At the same time, someone has severe pain.
With the development of the disease, symptoms of other features appear: low mobility, joint deformation. Picture X -ray shows a decrease in joint gap, bone growth in the bone head, their deformation.
Arthrosis often occurs in the knee and hip joints, as those who experience increased load. Less commonly, it occurs on the shoulders and elbows, on the fingers or toes. There are various diseases - general arthrosis, where all joints in the body are affected at once.
Stage of disease
With arthrosis, articular cartilage, bones and tissues next to them are damaged. The level of arthrosis is distinguished depending on the degree of damage to the joints.
Stage 1
At this stage, the degenerative process only affects collagen fibers and proteoglycan molecules in cartilage. Due to changes in cartilage composition or synovial fluid, pathological friction occurs, leading to painful sensations. Pain occurs after intense physical hard work, resting it is gone. The joint movement has not been difficult, changes are not related to muscle fibers, joint bags and surrounding blood vessels. At this stage, changes are not visible on X -Ray or they are not important.
Level 2
Due to abnormal friction, the cartilage loses its elasticity and strength, gradually thin and no longer protects the bone head. As a result, they are flattened, as their contact area increases. At the edge of the joint platform, growth is formed - osteophytes that are clearly visible in picture X -ray.
At this stage, the pain of pursuing the patient is not only with the burden, but with any small movement. Peace does not provide complete relief, though it can reduce pain. Along with the loss of mobility, the patient itself also tries not to load the affected member.
Due to the lack of mobility, blood supply is worsening. As a result, the composition of synovial fluid changes, it becomes viscous, loss of lubricant, which accelerates the disease. X-ray shows a decrease in the joint lumen of 50-70%, the joint deformation becomes significant.
Stage 3
At this stage, the cartilage is completely or partially lost. Joint mobility disappears, patients suffer from severe pain not only when moving, but also rest. The joint gap and synovial fluid are gone, and bags with wrinkles and atrophy. At this stage, only possible surgical treatment with joint replacement with artificial prosthesis. If this is not done, then anchilosis will occur with the disadvantage of movement.
Method of treatment
Even with 100% dedication to doctors and patients, the joints are completely restored at 1 stage of arthrosis. In 2 stages, bone deformation is observed, so it will not work to restore the joints to the joints. But you can slow down the operation for a long time, or even avoid it completely. Stage 3 arthrosis is treated exclusively for surgery.
In the treatment of 1 and 2 stages of arthrosis, many methods are used. First of all, it is a drug treatment. Various physiotherapy, biological treatment methods, massage are also used. With overweight, food normalization is required.
Symptom therapy
To eliminate pain, anti -non -—Ssteroidal drugs are used. All funds have many contraindications, in addition, they are not recommended for prolonged use, as they exacerbate the synthesis of proteoglican in the joints.
To relieve pain, it is best to use selected anti -anticipated drugs. They do not cause complications, have some contraindications and are acceptable for a long time. To improve blood circulation, you can use local vasodilating or ointment.
Special therapy
It consists of taking chondroproprotector (Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate) - a remedy for cartilage recovery. Glucosamine stimulates the activity of chondrocytes, in addition, it is a raw material to create a proteoglycan molecule. Chondroitin sulfate improves the ability of proteoglycan to grab and hold water. In addition, it stimulates the formation of collagen fibers and prevents the enzyme that dissolves it.
Intra -articular injection of hyaluronic acid is also used. It is a raw material for collagen fibers and part of the synovial liquid. The method of treatment is common and has proven its effectiveness. To get a specific therapeutic effect, it takes a long time 1-1. 5 years, until the cartilage is fully restored.
Surgery
The latest and most radical methods of treating arthrosis. During surgery, the affected joints are disconnected, the head together and the joint bed are removed. In their place, artificial joints are placed with titanium heads and huts made of high strength polyethylene. The whole structure is set in the bone with the help of a pin.
The operation to replace the hips or knee joints is complex and dangerous. It often leads to complications (pulmonary thromboembolism, infectious diseases). Even with successful operations, the prosthesis "destroys" over time and requires replacement. This occurs in a maximum of 10-15 years, and the minimum period is 1-3 years.
Another procedure
Many procedures are intended to eliminate damaging friction in the joints, increasing blood supply. Methods of treatment, many of them should be used comprehensively or alternately. We will analyze only a few of the most effective treatment methods:
- Manual therapy. In this process, the manual therapist "stretches" the joints, reducing stress with the cartilage. This procedure should be done regularly and frequently, but the effects appear immediately.
- Another way to spread the joints -Hardware attraction. It is used effectively on the knee joint, the knee is stretched on a special table using a tool. There are enough 2 courses a year for 10-12 sessions per course.
- Therapeutic massage. After the procedure, the circulation of the joint fluid improved, the blood supply increased, and the joint increased. Massage is contraindicated in the process of inflammation.
- Ultrasound therapy. With ultrasonic vibrations, the "massage" of the muscles, blood vessels and cartilage tissue occurs. Ultrasound accelerates metabolism due to biochemical exposure. It also has a thermal effect when the mechanical energy of the sound enters the thermal energy.
- InExercise therapyWith arthrosis, many exercises are included, including extraordinary exercises, which are used exclusively for arthrosis.
Here is an example of the training that the specialized artrologs talk about explanations for each exercise.
Eat for arthrosis
For a long time it is believed that irregular nutrition leads to arthrosis and can be cured with diet. Today it is clear that nutrition is not directly related to arthrosis.
Of course, excess weight is one of the factors that accelerate arthrosis courses, so diet is useful, but only for certain people. Nutrition normalization for arthrosis should be understood taken from excess weight.
Weight loss is very important for people suffering from gonarthrosis, as the main weight is above their knees.
When losing weight, you need to understand and use some rules that will simplify tasks and guarantee the results:
- Psychological work. The desire to "eat strictly" arises because of certain psychological attitudes, as well as the desire to reward or calm the nerves with sweet help. Such psychological problems prevent weight loss, and increased stress worsening the situation. Losing weight without solving psychological problems will only have a temporary effect.
- Not a weight loss, but the normalization of food. The main cause of weight loss is improper nutrition. If you lose weight, but do not eliminate an unbalanced diet, then after a few seconds people gain weight. It is necessary to get rid of the root problems. That is, it is necessary to normalize nutrition not to a certain "weight loss period", but forever.
- Gradually the introduction of all rules. It is very difficult to lose weight psychologically, so all healthy dietary rules must be introduced gradually. First, one rule was introduced (for example, not after 19: 00), after you were used to one rule, introduced another.
- Must be released from the menuFried meat, any dishes prepared in oil, sugar products -made from white flour. You need to eat more vegetables, fruits, cereals are easy on water. It is advisable to break down your daily diet to 5-6 servings, refusing to eat 3-4 hours before bed, drink more water.
Arthrosis is a terrible disease, but with a systematic and timely approach to treatment, it retreats. To defeat it, you need to know the essence, development mechanism, risk factors and developmental causes. If you use all the recommended therapy methods, then cure arthrosis will be quite easy.